1. A SIM also known as Subscriber Identity Module contains the info that identifies the user to the Network. The smart card info is used by the GSM handset to initiate and retain the GSM connection with the network.
2. Most operators do not devulge the contents or how SIM cards are programmed. The concepts are availbel if you google for it. However what you mean in this question relates a lot more to phone functionality. For example the Windows Putty utility is also available with my Nokia 6630 Symbian/3G phone.
3. GSM- Global System for Mobile communication supports Voice, Data, Text messaging and cross border roaming. This standard or concept utilises any specific technologies like GPRS- General Packet Radio Service, a radio technology for GSM networks that adds packet-switching protocols, shorter set-up time for ISP connections, and offer the possibility to charge by amount of data sent rather than connect time all of which helps to make our GSM phone a total connectivity solution for the tech Geek ;-). These are two technologies which integrate together and are different from each other because they are set to do different tasks.
4. My phone can access EE using opera mini and the port 80 is used to connect to the local operator.
5. Static IP's are in use to my knowledge here but I wont rule out dynamic IP's based on what it's used for.
6. Usually the IP is not on the phone but phones can be programmed with specific IP's. If it is done, it will be sort of a private IP. Our communication will be from the Network servers and hence, the phone IP will not be visible. You will not be able to gain access to a phone by pinging if it has an IP assigned.
However Nokia has a VPN client for the Nokia 6630. Other manufacturers should also. This creates a secure link between the phone and a network. However again, it's not public. You may need to use something like SyncML to do this.
For a better description visit
Mobile Phones Glossary - From the Polyphonic Ringtones Site
Good Luck