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Windows Vista is the first operating system sold by Microsoft since the retail release of Windows XP on October 25, 2001. With hundreds of new features, the operating system is promoted as an overall improvement over Windows XP for home users and businesses.
One of the most immediately noticeable changes in Windows Vista is its user interface: Windows Aero. Aero is an acronym for authentic, energetic, reflective, and open. Windows Vista is powered with major changes in the look of almost all applications that ship with Windows.
Windows Vista also contains improvements such as a faster search capability for files. The Start Menu has been significantly upgraded for easier search and organization, as well. Security improvements have been made in the form of User Account Control technology, that prevents unauthorized programs from damaging the operating system.
For the first time, the default user account used in Windows Vista will be a standard account, as opposed to having administrative access. Security enhancements such as an improved Windows Firewall and Windows Defender (anti-spyware tool) also come included with Windows Vista.
Windows Vista will ship with six different product editions, which will vary in price.

• Windows Vista Starter Edition
  
  This edition of Windows will primarily be sold in countries with developing economies, and not in most retail stores. It will likely contain restrictions in the number of applications that can be run. Windows XP Starter Edition was previously released in areas where computer technology is still developing. It will not run on 64-bit processors.
• Windows Vista Home Basic
  
  The most basic edition of Windows Vista available to most consumers will not include the transparency effects of Aero Glass, and instead feature the Windows Vista Standard theme. Support for up to 8GB of RAM. It will not include many of the multimedia features found in the more advanced editions of Windows Vista.
• Windows Vista Home Premium
  
  Similar to Windows XP Media Center Edition, the Home Premium edition of Windows Vista will come equipped with multimedia features geared towards home users. It will include full the full Aero Glass graphical interface. The operating system will support DVD burning, tablet PCs, file encryption, and photo management in this edition. It will support up to 16GB of memory.
• Windows Vista Business
  
  As a solution for businesses, this edition will not include many of the Media Center extras included in Home Premium, but will contain businesses tools such as fax support, IIS web server, and advanced file sharing capabilities. The OS will come with native support to handle up to 128GB memory installed on the system.
• Windows Vista Enterprise
  
  Only available through Microsoft Software Assurance program, and not retail, the enterprise version of Windows Vista will contain support for UNIX applications, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and Virtual PC emulation.
• Windows Vista Ultimate
  
  This edition of Windows Vista combines all of the features of all of the editions into the operating system. Most notably, the Ultimate Edition will feature WinSAT technology that is marketed to help improve performance for games and multimedia programs. Additional online services will reportedly be available for purchasers.

Hardware Requirements (Minimum requirements vs. Recommended):
Windows Vista Capable systems will need an 800Mhz processor, 512MB RAM, DirectX 9 compatible video card with 32MB RAM. At least a 20GB hard drive is required with 15GB of free space, as well as a CD-ROM drive.
Windows Vista Premium Ready systems will need a 1GHz processor, 1GB RAM, DirectX 9 compatible video card with 128MB RAM, Pixel Shader 2.0 and support for WDDM. These systems will be expected to have a 40GB hard drive, 15GB free space, and a DVD-ROM drive.